The Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, by Captain Francis Grose.
In 1785 Captain Francis Grose published the first edition of his “Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue”. The book’s a useful collection of old, outdated slang. Gross claims he got most of the words by hanging out with soldiers.
The Dictionary is best remembered these days for Grose’s listing of “Cunt” and his definition: “a nasty word for a nasty thing”.
That looks horrifically misogynist, and it’s always quoted as an example of Grose’s, or more generally of male, misogyny.
I’ve started to wonder, though. The first issue, for me, is that the Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue doesn’t really have anything else that comes close to the level of fear and hate of women, or at least their genitals, that definition seems to demonstrate. And it gives more space to thieves’ cant (language used by criminals) than to sexual words, So could Grose have been saying something else?
Nasty as she wants it to be.
(Drawing: Betty Dodson)
We know the word “nasty” has a strand of sexual meanings. It’s everywhere in rap. “Do the nasty”, meaning, “have sexual intercourse”, anyone? But “nasty” has sexual meanings in blues, too. Which takes it back to the 20th century, and maybe the 19th, in US black culture.
But it’s older than that. The sexual use of “nasty” may have re-entered non-black English from its preservation among black culture. It’s not uncommon for words to survive in one cultural group while they disappear elsewhere.
So we go back in time looking for early uses, and we don’t find much, because sexual words seldom made it into print, before the 19th century.
But it turns out that “nasty” meant “lewd” from the 17th century.
Francis Grose: Geddit? Just kidding, folks!
“Lewd” means something like “overtly sexy”, with a connotation of “slightly more overtly sexual than the speaker is comfortable with.” But the sexual meaning is clear. “Lewd” is always a compliment, in my book.
So, remembering that this meaning of “nasty” was in use from the 1600’s, and that Grose’s Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue was published in 1785, it’s possible to see his definition in another way.
Was Grose making a sort of joke? “Cunt: a sexy name for a sexy thing”?
If so, he was Winding Up The Straights. And We Fell For It.
I enjoyed your post, Jaime. Your research is impressive and you may well be right. Who in their right mind would not like some pussy? Now, to call a person a ‘cunt’ is offensive, but to call the actual cunt that is not. I know many women who love to use that word. I was afraid to write ‘cunt lips’ in a story once and was assured that was just fine used in a sexual situation. I’d be interested in your female reader’s opinions.
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Interesting point, and so often detrimental to the interpretation of history that people look back through a present-day lens. The word “vulgar” of course doesn’t necessarily mean obscene or lewd. Samuel Johnson defined it:
1. Plebeian; suiting to the common people; practised among the common people.
Like you say thieves cant or common slang.